Anyone who tries diving for the first time knows the feeling: after just a few meters, the ears begin

to hurt. The reason is simple: As you go deeper, water pressure increases, and this pressure directly affects the air spaces in our body. The ears are especially sensitive.

What happens in the ear?

Normally, the pressure in the middle ear is equal to the surrounding pressure. As you descend, the water pressure rises quickly. Without equalizing, the eardrum is pushed inward.

• At first, you feel light pressure.

• Without equalization, pain develops.

• In severe cases, the eardrum can be injured.

You probably know a similar feeling from flying in an airplane: during take-off or landing, the cabin pressure changes, and your ears “pop.” Swallowing, yawning, or chewing helps. Diving works the same way – but the pressure changes faster and more strongly.

How to equalize

• Valsalva maneuver: pinch your nose, close your mouth, and gently blow until your ears “pop.”

• Swallowing or yawning: opens the Eustachian tubes naturally.

• Frenzel technique: often used by experienced divers.

Always be gentle – forceful equalization can cause harm.

Tips for safe equalization

• Start already at the surface.

• Repeat every 0.5–1 meter.

• Don’t wait until you feel pain.

• If it doesn’t work, ascend slightly and try again.

What if you have problems?

Mild difficulties are common, especially for beginners. Common causes are colds or blocked sinuses.

• Never dive with a cold or congestion.

• If problems repeat, consult an ENT specialist.

• Gentle nasal rinses may help (check with your doctor).